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The
Craven Horners The earliest Horners in Craven are recorded in the fourteenth century in Littondale [1] . There are two Thomas Horners recorded in Hawkswick, and a William and an Anne Horner in Arncliffe in the Poll tax returns of 1379 [2] . Interestingly, Arncliffe was part of the manor of Malham, which also included Austwick. The Proctors of Malham Hall, in the manor of Kirkby Malhamdale, had close family links with the Metcalfes of Breare Parke in the Lordship of Middleham [3] . Hawkswick had for a long time been a Metcalfe manor [4] . Although the hall was sold in 1580 to John Lambert, the Metcalfe family had maintained links with the area, in Hanlith, through marriage with the de Hartlington family and had lands in Burnsall, Appletreewick and Broughton as well [5] . Parcival
Hall in Appletreewick housed members of the Yorke family
of Gouthwaite until 1634, Lords of the manor of Appletreewick
who also had lands in Austwick, including Lawkland Hall
near Settle
[6]
. In 1574, Peter Yorke sold Lawkland Hall
to William son of John Ingleby
[7]
. In 1881 William Horner, related to the Skipton
Horners was living at Lawkland Hall
[8]
. The Craven Hornes had lived in the vicinity of Skipton, since the fifteenth century. In 1404 a William Horne and Ralph Toppan were required by the Earl of Westmorland to take seisin of a moiety of the manor and vil of Kettlewell from the Abbott and Convent of Coverham [9] . This is probably the same William Horner who paid five shillings poll tax in 1379. This William Horne was probably the chaplain of Ralph Neville, Earl of Westmorland and executor of his will in 1433 [10] . In 1420 William Horne released his interests in lands in Yorkshire to William Tunstall [11] . The connection between the land of Craven
and the Lordship of Middleham was centuries old
[11a]
. The manor of Kettlewell was part
of the Percy fee in 1066, which included Langstrothdale and Littondale,
but Arncliffe, Hawkswick and Kettlewell were
outside the boundaries of the forest
[11b]
. Kettlewell was sited on a major medieval
crossroads. Major routes from Settle to Coverham, Middleham and Kirkby
Malzeard all passed through Kettlewell. These routes were well trodden
by the servants of Coverham and Bylands Abbeys. The servants
of Fountains Abbey also used the main road from Kilnsey Grange
to Kettlewell. Kirkby Malzeard, Kettlewell and Settle were all centres
of wool trading and it is therefore not surprising to find a ‘buyer
of wool’ in Arncliffe in 1320. A
Thomas Horner was recorded as a tenant of the Abbots of Fountains
Abbey in 1454 at Grassington
[12]
. He was one of the Abbots herdsman and herded
cattle in 1455
[13]
. In 1457-8 Thomas Horner was given 22 pence ‘pro
amerciamento’
[14]
. It is highly probable that Thomas Horner originated
from Nidderdale and moved cattle from winter pasture in Nidderdale
to summer pasture at Kilnsey near Conistone. He
may be the same Thomas Horner who takes over from William Horner at
Eastholme Lodge in 1481 (See Horners
of Sikes Grange). In
1522 and 1525, a William Horne is recorded in
Stirton and Thorlby
[15]
. His goods or chattels appear to have increased
in value from thirty shillings to twelve pounds a year in just three
years. It is highly probable that he was related to the Kildwick Horners.
A William Horne was buried in Kildwick in 1591 aged 91
who may be this William Horner
[16]
. Other Horne’s seem to be concentrated around the parish of Kildwick. In 1302, a Robert Horn paid 13 shillings and 3d. for lands tenanted from Bolton Abbey [17] . In the same year he also had lands ‘in manu Eve de Lenda [18] ’. A Johannes Horne is recorded as being the tenant of the same lands in 1316-17 [19] . It is highly possible that Johannes Horn was the son of Robert Horn. In 1317 a Roger Horn is recorded as a tenant of Bolton Abbey with a carucate ‘apud Sted’ and paid 4 shillings [20] . In 1377-8 a Richard Horn paid 14 shillings for what appears to be the termination of an agreement [21] . In 1473, a James Horn was one of fourteen tenants of lands of Bolton Priory in Connonley, and an Agnes Horne is recorded as holding a cottage with appurtenances paying a rent of two shillings and six pence in the township of Kildwick [22] . These
may be members of the same family that held lands or goods in Bradley
in 1522, and in Silsden in the early sixteenth century
[23]
. In 1522,
a John
Horne of Silsden was assessed in the subsidies of
that year
[24]
. It is highly probable that he was the pater
familias of the Hornes of Kildwick Parish
[25]
. He may have been the father of John
Horne of Silsden who married Helen
[26]
. John and Helen Horne had two children,
Peter Horne and an infant stillborn
[27]
. Peter Horne married twice and had two sons
named John, one of whom died in infancy
[28]
. Peter Horne outlived both his wives and was buried
in Kildwick in 1662
[29]
. John and Mary Horne of Silsden had nine
children, but only two sons, Peter and John and three
daughters survived
[30]
. John Horner may have had a
Smithy in Glusburn in 1662
[31]
. It is not certain what became of
these two sons and the family may have moved from Kildwick Parish. Another line of Hornes, descended from a William Horne of Silsden does appear to continue. This William Horne may have been the brother of the John Horne of Silsden above. William Horne married Jennet Cryer in 1585 and they had nine children [32] . Of these nine children only one daughter, Agnes and two sons Thomas and John survived [33] . Thomas Horne of Silsden had seven children, of two sons only one son John survived, but little else is known of him [34] .
Thomas
Horne of Silsden’s older brother John Horne of Kildwick married
Mary Hustler and they had ten children, including four surviving
sons, Henry, William, Jonathan and Peter
[35]
. The two eldest sons
appear to have moved from the area and the second youngest Peter remained
in Silsden to bring up his family. Peter Horne married Bridget
Cryer in Skipton and they had six children, of whom only one son
Peter and two daughters, Jana and Elizabeth survived
[36]
. Peter Horne lived to a ripe old age of nearly
one hundred when he died in 1719
[37]
. Peter and Bridget’s son Peter Horne married
Margaret and they had one son William who died in infancy
[38]
. This branch of Hornes does not seem to remain
in Kildwick Parish
[39]
. It is possible that
this line moved to further up the dales to Conistone, as a Peter Horne
is also mentioned as being a tenant in ‘Cotherstone’, probably Conistone in 1596
[49]
. However,
these Horns or Hornes may have been a distinct and separate
family from the line of Horners. A George Horner was recorded
as owning land in Connonley in the Hearth Returns of 1672
[41]
. He did not live in the village of Connonley, but
resided in Carleton
separate parish and may be related
to the Horners of Coniston and Kilnsey instead
[42]
.
[1]
See Kith and Kin, p. 7-8. [2] Thomas Horner and his wife were both charged 4d. or a groat in hawkswick. This meantt that they were engaged in agriculture. William Horner and his wife paid 4d. in Arncliffe. An Adam Horn and his wife in radholme paid 4d. See Speights Craven Highlands p.41. The Inglebys of Ripley Castle also owned lands in Hawkswick since 1438 and at Ripon and Kirkby Malzeard. [3] Geoffrey Proctor, of Bordley, gained the hall in 1534 after the dissolution of the monasteries. His grandson, Geoffrey Proctor, had married Winnifred Metcalfe, the daughter of Roger Metcalfe of Breare Parke in Wensleydale. Breare Park is near Aysgarth.. In 1526 James Metcalfe of Nappa Hall, was High Sheriff of Yorkshire and was escorted to York with 300 members of his clan all in livery. See Benson, p. 82. [4] Metcalfes had been in Wensleydale since the twelfth century. James Metcalfe of Worton had fought under Sir Richard Scrope of Bolton castle at Agincourt in 1415 and he had been given 400 acres of land at Nappa in the fifteenth century. James’s grandson was knighted by the King in 1525. After the dissolution the Metcalfes became protestant. [5] On the death of William de Hartlington in 1473, his three daughters Elizabeth, Agnes and Isabel divided their fathers lands between them. Elizabeth married Thomas Metcalfe of Nappa Hall in Wensleydale and his son James Metcalfe took Burnsall, Appletreewick and Broughton as his portion. The second daughter Agnes married and her son Richard married a daughter of Roger Metcalfe of Breare Parke in Wensleydale. Roger Metcalfe took the manor of Kirkby Malham as his inheritance which eventually devolved to his son Leonard Metcalfe. This Leonard was involved in the rising of the North in 1569 and was imprisoned for his part in the rising. However he kept his lands. His son John Metcalfe sold the freeholds in the reign of Queen Elizabeth, around 1592. Eventually the lands were sold by Lambert to William Alcock banker of Skipton in 1782. He left the lands to his nephew William Alcock of Aireville, son of his brother Henry For the above see the Parush of Kirkby Malhamdale by Morkill pp.66-69, p. 198.
[6]
Richard York, merchant was
Mayor of the Staple of Calais and Mayor of York in 1469 and
1482 and MP for the City of York. He was knighted on 31 july
1487 by Henry VII. He died in April 1508 and is buried at
St Johns in York. He was connected with the families of Foster,
Stapleton, Gascoigne, Mauleverer, Darcy and Askwih. John Yorke
of Gowthwaite, son of Richard, was a sheriff of London and
knighted in 1549. He was a master of the mint and at the dissolution
was given the lands of Bylands Abbey, in Nidderdale. In 1568,
he bequeathed to his son Peter Yorke lands in Netherdale,
Austwick, Appletreewick and Kilnsey and a messuage in York
and London. Peter Yorke lived at Parcival Hall in Appletreewick
and when he died he left Percival Hall to his son Thomas Yorke
in 1589. Thomas Yorke granted Percival Hall to his son John
Yorke of Gouthwaite in 1620 and this John sold the Hall to
George Demaine the tenant of the Hall, but the lordship of
Appletreewick was retained by the Yorke family. See Harry
Speight Upper Nidderdale, pp. 286-9. The Township of Austwick
included Lawkland and Feizor. [7] Peter Yorke had married Elizabeth Ingleby William’s sister. John Ingleby, son of William Ingleby of Ripley bought Lawkland Hall. He married Anne Clapham of Beamsley. The Claphams originally came from Clapham in North Yorkshire. [8] William was 72 and living with his daughter Rhoda , 24 and grandson Thomas HORNER, 12 born in Liverpool. 1881 Census. [9] Ralph Toppan and William Horne were both seised of the land. The Earl of Westmoreland had inherited the lands from the De Arches who held the land of the Percies. Other lands included in this transfer were the tenements Skalegill, Stangill, Hometreselightes, Roulgille and Coverhede in Coverdale with common of pasture. In 1569 the Nevilles lost this land to the crown after they were involved in the rising of the North. Speight’s Upper Wharfedale. Records of the Exchequer, and its related bodies, with those of the Office of First Fruits and Tenths, and the Court of Augmentations Letters of attorney by Ralph, Earl of Westmorland, for Richard Toppan and William Horne to receive from the abbot and convent of . . . . . . . seisin of a moiety of the manor and vill of Ketilwelle (Kettlewell) in Craven, and of other lands, &c., in Ketilwell,' of tenements called 'Skalegille' in Ketilwelle, 'Stangill' 'Hometreslightes' and 'Roulegille,' Coverhede in Coverdale, wit common of pasture, &c. 20 September, 6 Henry IV
[10]
.Online Document SC
8/26/1295 Earl
of Westmorland; Thomas
Holden, esquire, executor of the will
of Ralph Neville, Earl of Westmorland; John Quixley, esquire,
executor of the will of Ralph Neville, Earl of Westmorland;
William Horne, chaplain,
executor of the will
of Ralph Neville, Date: 1433. [11] Records of the Exchequer, and its related bodies, with those of the Office of First Fruits and Tenths, and the Court of Augmentations Records of the Court of Augmentations and the Augmentation Office E 326 Exchequer: Augmentation Office: Ancient Deeds, Series BRelease by William Horne, clerk, to William Tunstall, clerk, of his right to all lands, &c., held by him jointly with the said William Tunstall or others in the counties of York, Westmorland, Cumberland, Norfolk, Lincoln, Suffolk, Bedford, Northampton, Leicester, and the bishopric of Durham: Bedf. Cumb. Durham and other counties4 June, 5 Henry VI (1420) [11a] The Lordship of Middleham included Wensleydale and Middleham and Aysgarth Parish, West Witton Parish, and Coverham and East Witton Parishes, and property at Leyburn in Wensley Parish, Scotton parish, Catterick, Crakehall and Rands in Bedale parish in Richmondshire. Also Kettlewell and Scale Park and lands at Cold Coniston in the parish of Gargrave.
[11b]
The manor of Kettlewell had
been split into two halves in the medieval period. The de
Arches family held half of the fee, and the other half kept
by the Percy lords of Middleham and tenanted by the Gray family.
(Robert of Mowbray also had interests in Kettlewell
as in 1196-1202 pasture in Kettlewell was granted by him to
Coverham Abbey. See p. 27 Jennings, Yorkshire Monasteries.)
The de Arches
family granted their half of the manor of Kettlewell
to Coverham Abbey, (founded
by Helewise, wife of Randolph of Middleham Castle), they also
gave Fountains Abbey 6 bovates of land and pasturage for 500
wethers on Middlesmoor and Knipe Scar. (William de Arches
was a major tenant of Roger de Mowbray who founded Byland
Abbey. William founded Nun Monkton nunnery 1147-53 and his
sister Matilda was the first prioress. See Jennings, Yorkshire
Monasteries p. 30 William was obviously also trying to ingratiate
himself with the owners of Middleham Castle). Later Coverham
Abbey granted forty to fifty acres of land in Kettlewell to
Bolton Abbey. In 1295, this half of the manor of Kettlewell
had eight tofts, eight bovates, a cottage and a water corn
mill. A toft was a house of a substantial farmer with at least
ten acres of land. [11c] This was as an exchange for lands in Swineside, Hindlethwaite, and Arkleside in Coverdale in Haucreygill. Coverham Abbey had been founded by Helewisia the wife of Robert FitzRalph, and daughter and heiress of Ranulph de Glanville 1184-7. Robert FitzRandolph had also started Middleham Castle in 1170. In 1270 another Ralph FitzRanolph died without a male heir. His daughter married a Neville, Ralph Neville the first Lord Neville. [11d] See Three Seventeenth Century Surveys edited by T Sullivan and E W Crossley, Yorkshire Archaeological Society 1941 Volume CIV. Pp. XXv [11e] The copyhold was partible on the death of the tenant, and they provided able men to fight against the Scots. They also paid two years rent as a fine on the death of the prince. In the fourteenth year of the reign of Queen Elizabeth, these tenant rights were turned into leases, the tenants yielded ancient rents and services. In 1611, however, the tenants claimed that they still held their lands by custom and copyhold. The crown asserted that that the copyhold tenancies had ended with James I becoming King of England in 1603. There was no need of special privileges for Northern tenants, as there was no longer a further need of a defensive army against the Scots. [12] See Fountains Abbey memorials pp.318-9. [13] He was given fifteen shillings in 1455 for one bullock. And seven shillings for a cow. See JT Fowler p. 139 and 159. [14] See JT Fowler Vol3. p. 66.
[15]
See Craven Tudor. Incidentally there is a farm
marked Horne House on the ordnance survey maps on Addingham
Moorside towards Bradley. [16] William Horne was buried on 13 September 1591 aged 91. See Kildwick Parish Registers. [17] Bolton Priory Compotus. [18] The rent was 19d. These lands were also recorded in 1303-4. Bolton priory Compotus. [19] In 1309-10 Johanni horne pays 12 d. ‘pro autumpno’, and in 1316-17 pays 12 shillings and 3d. ‘pro recogncion de fal’’. This may have been for lands in Marton. In 1321-2 Johannes Horn also pays 12d. ‘de porcaria de termino Pent’’. Bolton priory Compotus. [20] Bolton Priory Comptus. [21] ‘In iij bobus empties de Ricardo Horn per concessionum et liberates ad residerium xiv shillings. Bolton priory Compotus.
[22]
Agnes Horner’s rent had declined
from four shillings and six pence, but no reason is given.
See The History of Connonley, by Trevor Hodgson and David
Gulliver, 2000, p. 21. See also Craven Tudor.
[23]
In 1522 in Bradley, a George
Horne was assessed at thirty shillings, and in Silsden, a
John Horne was assessed at ten shillings. In the accounts
of the Rentals of Bolton Priory Robert and Nicholas Horne
were jointly responsible for a rent of two shillings and six
pence for the farm of one tenement. Nicholas was probably
Robert’s son. By 1543 in Silsden, a Nicholas and a Thomas
Horne had goods or lands worth twenty shillings each and paid
a tax of two pence. In 1545, Nicholas and Thomas were valued
at twenty shillings again, but their tax had been halved from
2 pence to one old penny. Certainly in Silsden, I think we
have three generations recorded with Thomas Horne being Nicholas’s
son. In 1543, a Peter Horne was valued at twenty shillings
in the villat de Collyng, whilst in Glusborn a John Horne
was also valued at twenty shillings. This Peter Horne may
be the peter Horne buried on 10 Decemeber 1580 aged 80 in
Kildwick Parish registers. [24] A John Horne was buried on 23 December 1599 ‘senior of Silsden’ who may be the same man. See Kildwick Parish Rgisters. [25] Alternatively he may be the son of Christopher Horner of Clapham, christened in 1552. See below. [26] This John Horne was buried on 18 August 1607. His wife Helen was buried on 7 February 1605/6 ‘ in puerpijs’, probably in childbirth. See Kildwick Parish Registers [27] Peter Horne was christened on 2 March 1577/8. An infant was buried 2 June 1589. See Kildwick Parish Registers [28] Peter Horn married Elizabeth Teale, (daughter of Nicholas and Isabella Teale, christned 30 Decemeber 1576). Their son John was christened on 6 January 1602 and was buried on 24 February 1601/2. He married secondly Jane Overend on 8 October 1605. She was buried on 11 March 1634/5. (A William Overend married an Agnes Horne on 3 February 1599 who may have been related.) Peter and Jane had one son John who was christened on 7 November 1605. See Kildwick Parish Registers [29] Peter Horne ‘senex’ was buried on 17 January 1661/2. See Kildwick Parish Registers. [30] Peter Horne was christened on 8 May 1636 and buried on 16 March 1636/7 in Farnhill. Jane was christened on 22 October 1637 in Farnhill. Peter was christened on 154 December 1639 in Farnhill. John was christened on 21 November 1641 in Farnhill. Anna was christened on 18 May 1646 in Silsden. William was christened on 11 February 1648/9 and buried on 22 January 1666/7. Henry was christened on 21 December 1651 and buried on 1 March 1654. Helen was christened on 8 October 1654 and buried on 27 May 1671. Elizabeth was christened on 3 May 1657. See Kildwick Parish Registers. [31] John Horne of Glusburn had 1 hearth at the Smithy in Glusburn. A widow Horner paid 2p for a Hearth in Glusburn. 1672 Hearth tax. [32] William Horne married Jennet Cryer on 25 July 1585. Jennet was buried on 6 Februarys 1596/7. William Horne was buried on 30 October 1594. See Kildwick Parish Registers. [33] Margaret was christened on 30October 1585 and buried on 26 May 1586. Agnes was christened on 19 March 1586/7, she later married Edmund Hustler on 6 February 1614/15. Edmund Horne was christened on 16 May 1688 and buried on 22 January 1598/9. Nicholas Horne was christened on 31 August 1589 and buried on 19 January 1614/15. William was christened on 16 March 1589/90 and buried on 28 August 1591. Margaret was christened on 19 August 1591 and buried on 27 November 1591. Thomas was christened on 2 July 1592 and buried on 27 February 1597/8. See Kildwick Parish Registers. [34] Thomas was christened 10 April 1586 and buried on 23 June 1650 aged sixty-four. He married an Isabella who was buried on 21 September 1638. Their seven children were christened in Kildwick. John was christened 1 January 1629. Margaret was christened on 2 February 1631/2. Maria was christened on 15 November 1634. Christopher was christened on 15 October 1644 and buried on 12 June 1653. Helena was christened on 26 February 1636/7 and buried on 19 February 1644/5. Susan was christened on 1 January 1629. An infant was buried on 19 June 1654. See Kildwick Parish Registers [35] John Horne was christened on 7 February 1584/5 and was buried on 3 July 1644 ‘senex’ of Kildwick at the age of fifty-five. He married Mary Hustler on 27 June 1608 and she was buried on 4 December 1637 in Farnhill. John and Mary had ten children. Henry was christened on 23 October 1614. William was christened on 7 September 1617. Elizabeth was christened on 27 December 1619 and buried on 20 November 1636 at Farnhill. Peter was christened on 14 October 1621 and buried on 12 January 1621/2. Jonathan was christened on 6 November 1625 and buried on 14 September 1629 in Farnhill. Judith was christened on 6 January 1628/9. Jonathan was christened on 6 March 1630/31. Twins Peter and John were christened on 1 November 1622. One of these John was buried on 15 March 1622. See Kildwick Parish Registers [36] Peter Horne married Bridget Cryer, daughter of Arthur and Jane Cryer (christened 3 October 1638), in Skipton on 12 April 1664. See Skipton Parish Registers. Thy had six children. Maria christened on 24 March 1672/3 and buried on 1 June 1694. Henry christened on 23 October 1671 and buried on 15 February 1671/2. John christened 22 June 1666 and buried 3 May 1667. Elizabeth christened 30 November 1675 and buried 9 February 1693/4. Jana christened 10 March 1669/70. Peter christened 27 February 1667/8 See Kildwick Parish Registers. [37] Peter was buried on 22 April 1719 and is described as a yeoman of Silsden. Bridget Cryer was buried 24 January 1720/1. See Kildwick Parish Registers. [38] Margaret Horne, relict of Peter was buried on 7 March 1725/6. Their son William was christened on 19 June 1710 and was buried on 4 September 1710. See Kildwick Parish Registers. Peter Horne of Silsden had 2 hearths in 1672. 1672 Hearth tax. [39] Other Hornes recorded in Kildwick are John Horne, buried 4 March 1581/2 aged eighteen. Alice Horne of Silsden buried 23 January 1617/18. Margaret Horne buried 8 January 1579/80 aged 87. Margaret Horne buried 4 March 1588/9 aged 50. Agnes Horne buried 23 March 1580/1. See Kildwick Parish Registers. [40] 1 May 1744 Raistrick Archibe No. 546. SkiptonLibrary. John Horn married Sarah wade on 28 March 1742. They had two sons, William chrsitned 20 March 1742 and William chrsitned 22 July 1743. Kildwick Parish Registers.
[41]
History of Connonley, p. 42. Hearth tax was paid
on properties owned by the church and charities and industrial
hearths, but not on forges, mills and communal ovens. Occupiers
worth 20/- or more were taxed at 2/- per hearth and they paid
the tax at Lady day and Christmas. Interestingly there are
no Horners in Burnsall and Thorpe in 1672 that were taxed.
See ‘A Wharfedale Village’ p. 27.
[42]
This George Horner married Alice Bawden on 13
May 1669 in Kildwick. Alice died shortly after the marriage
on????. Kildwick Parish Registers. |
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